Monday 21 October 2024

Monsters inc.: "The Apprentice"


Everybody gets an origin story, even the foremost monsters of the moment. So it is, with less than a month to go before a defining election for American democracy, that we end up sat before a film that seeks to explain where exactly Donald J. Trump came from. Written by Gabriel Sherman and directed by Ali Abbasi, The Apprentice shapes up as a Batman Begins with real-world repercussions, or a latter-day variant of 2002's Young Adolf biopic Max, which memorably found John Cusack as a Jewish art dealer appraising the protagonist's early work and life: "You're a terribly hard man to like, Hitler." Sherman and Abbasi posit that amid the dereliction and attendant social tensions of post-Nixon New York, slum landlord's son Trump (Sebastian Stan) found a mentor of sorts in the notorious lawyer and right-wing bigot Roy Cohn (Jeremy Strong) who proceeded to school our protagonist in the ways of the strongman. This feels like a relatively new angle: Trump as callow, suggestible kid, already moneyed but still in awe of others, possessed of some idea of legality, and having to do actual work for a living rather than merely making deals, or making shit up. This Trump hasn't yet fully metabolised his privilege, and hasn't yet learnt how to hide his insecurities and weak spots, drilled into him by his bluffly indifferent father Fred (Martin Donovan): a signature image, early on, has Young Don checking his (still fulsome) hair in a cab's smeary window. He's in construction, yet under construction, the guard still sometimes down, the golden facade of faux-success yet to go up. Cohn, for his part in this process, sees in this Trump a way of securing his legacy - and ensuring we're all still arguing about matters you'd hoped had been settled for good in the mid-20th century. He plies the kid with bonhomie and flattery, then alcohol, then ideology. When Strong, commitedly dead behind the eyes, spits out an aphorism like "none of it matters except winning" or "everybody wants to suck a winner's cock", it's Cohn, but it's also almost audibly Trump and Tate and every other chump on the Internet. The Apprentice is pretty sharp on how this poison, this ideological Drano, has to be forced down the gullet, whereupon it hollows you and any residual humanity out. You need a more resilient constitution than that of the ever-consuming Trump to resist.

As this suggests, The Apprentice is above all else an exercise in channelling, even ventriloquism, founded on the shoulders of skilful actors who've given themselves a lot to live up to. Strong, going toe-to-toe with the memories of Pacino's blowhard Cohn in HBO's Angels in America and the cadaverous James Woods in 1992's Citizen Cohn, recedes even further inside the character: no showboating, spittle-flecked ham here, just pure, unapologetic malevolence, tempered but slightly by a late-breaking battle with AIDS. (One peculiar yet effective physical tic, symptomatic of the consumption the movie describes: a gulping motion of the head and neck, that of a python swallowing in his latest victim, or a lifelong dyspeptic trying to keep down some of his bile. This stuff eats you up.) After his hilarious work in A Different Man, Stan sets himself the tougher challenge of accurately embodying arguably the most mediated figure of the century and getting us to listen to someone we might mute whenever he appears on the nightly news. Broken down, the performance is roughly 80% lips and hands (with a further 10% of superbly applied hairspray): the overemphatic gestures, forever promising more than can be delivered; the considered oral moues, threatening to do inappropriate things to every word, with or without their consent. If it's arguably more 21st century than 20th century Don, it's assuredly Trumpian in spirit, meshing who this guy was with who he was to become. (One reason Stan has skyrocketed over and above his leading-man contemporaries these past twelve months: a willingness to appear in less than heroic guises, to trade off his chiselled looks.) Around these two, we get Maria Bakalova, stalked by Baccara as Ivana, and lookalikes for Rupert Murdoch, Roger Stone and Andy Warhol: this New York, for all its disrepair, is also a petridish (or cesspool), a breeding ground for germs of ideas both good and bad. You need shit of some kind for these ideas to take root and flourish; and if all else fails, of course, you can always flood the zone with man-made BS. Is that why we emerge from The Apprentice feeling so unclean, in need of a long, hot shower? 

The main thrust of Abbasi's film - and it often does feel as brusque, possibly unwanted as a thrust - is an ugly business: at times, it plays like a buddy comedy between two men with no discernible sense of humour, and who thus have no idea how funny (most often: funny-strange) they are. One is a soulless husk as we find him; the other about to become far, far worse, perhaps the most insufferable man who's ever lived. (I mean, at least Hitler had his paintings to humanise him.) The Apprentice inarguably finds ways to immerse us in this world as it was at these times. Abbasi sticks his camera directly beneath his actors' chins, not so that we look up at them, rather to accentuate the dark hollows under Cohn's eyes and the soft, swelling paunch of the Trump jawline; he adopts a flat 1980s video look as we leave the disco era's shabby glamour behind, and tacks on slasher-movie synths. But the film is immersive in the same way slurry can be immersive, and not above the odd dirty trick of its own. We know this fumbling, bumbling Trump has reached the nadir he's heading towards when he subjects Ivana to sexual assault - here is the dominance Cohn has spent the movie drilling into him - so you can only grimace when Abbasi cuts away from the attack to the protagonist's latest erection, a phallic casino jutting out of the Nevada desert. Here, an otherwise shrewdly skeezy project succumbs to the Ryan Murphification of popular culture, in which even the most heinous behaviour is reframed as a sniggering joke, and our films and shows appear as shameless and sensation-hungry as the people they're documenting. There is, granted, both electoral and comic value in showing us Trump before he rebranded as The Don, when he was closer to Donald the Dork: socially awkward, mollycoddled, more than slightly weird. (One takehome: how those most hung up on winning are often sorely maladjusted losers.) Yet The Apprentice also feels like an origin story for the mire in which we're currently wallowing; a lot of the laughs here die on the lips, pursed or otherwise puckered, because we're all too aware what lies in wait for us in the real world once the house lights come up. Lots to admire, not least those performances, and you can't help but wonder what difference a film like this will make at the ballot box - but it is, finally, a terribly hard film to like.

The Apprentice is now showing in selected cinemas.

Cop out: "Vettaiyan"


This year's vehicle for Tamil cinema's self-billed "Superstar" Rajnikanth,
Vettaiyan, opens with a state-of-the-nation address - given to a coterie of trainee cops by Hindi superstar Amitabh Bachchan, in his role as a human-rights scholar - on the broad theme of "what's wrong with India?" The lecture, which sometimes sounds indistinguishable from an old man's list of gripes, covers a fair amount of ground: post-colonial hang-ups, hangovers from the pre-colonial caste system, corrupt cops and administrators, failed children running amok on Tik-Tok. Some valid points are landed, but the two-and-a-half hours that follow suggest writer-director T.J. Gnanavel is using these observations to lend depth, scope and a degree of sociopolitical heft to what chiefly plays like standard-issue police procedural with a dash of copaganda. Rajnikanth's supercop Athiyan will, you sense, clear up some or all of the above, by hook or by crook, over the course of this professionally mounted tranche of escapism; the kind of supercool movie creation who employs a Horlicks-huffing trickster (Aavesham's Fahadh Faasil, continuing his mission to have more fun on screen than anyone in South Indian cinema) as his right-hand man, Athiyan lets a druglord escape from custody - and even shoot a uniformed officer - so as to make for a more propulsive recapture. It's all fun and games until the rape-murder of a schoolteacher framed as the bedrock of any enlightened state ties the movie's initially straggly strands together. Our brash hero shoots an innocent suspect dead in the aftermath and finds himself dogged by Bachchan's judge, whereby Gnanavel momentarily begins to complicate what appears to be his premise: Rajnikanth putting the country to rights.

That we're swept up in this process is mainly down to an admirable sense of pace. Rattling along to a terrific Anirudh Ravichander score whenever evidence has to be compiled in montage, Vettaiyan boasts the ambient pleasures of some Chennai-set CSI spin-off. It never lacks for character, either, even if that manifests in the often ridiculous syntax of the mass movie: Athiyan has the David Caruso-like habit of flipping on his clip-on sunglasses, typically to a rousing song cue underlining his general fanciness. The issue, evident even from said cues, is that the social critique set up by that opening is allowed to go only so far; whenever Athiyan starts to look especially reckless, Gnanavel timidly pulls back and defaults to the sight of a superstar kicking ne'er-do-well ass. "It's not haste, it's speed," Faasil's hypeman notes of the cop's methodology: yes, a few more bodies might have to be dropped along the way, but - hey, rest assured - this guy gets results. The sense is of an at least slightly tougher and grittier film that got compromised the minute Rajnikanth signed on; Vettaiyan is so determined to deliver the requisite hero moments it loses sight of the many more interesting directions this scenario could have been pushed in. For a while, it looks as if the character will be properly haunted by or challenged for his actions - or that he might challenge viewer complicity, as Dirty Harry and the Bad Lieutenant did. But no: the second half is altogether easy on its protagonist and too easy for Rajnikanth, who gets to strike much the same poses he must have done in at least a dozen previous star vehicles. It's a pity, because a more energised Bachchan might have been exactly the co-star to do the challenging; as it is, the judge is sidelined upon the introduction of a third star (Rana Daggubati as a tech bro exploring murderous measures to get teaching done online) and then recalled to pat our wayward hero on the back. The writing goes in circles: a case gets closed every twenty minutes, only for a few pages to fall out and create an even bigger mess, and after three or four passes at this, it's all contrivance. Entertaining contrivance, granted, and staged with a basic competency that nowadays presents as a luxury in the multiplex: Gnanavel somehow even gets us to suspend our disbelief that the stout septuagenarian Rajni might best the hulking Daggubati in hand-to-hand combat. Yet Vettaiyan probably won't go down as a Superstar classic for one simple reason: having set up so many potentially fascinating lines of inquiry, it picks the most conventional of all. It hears out those mountainous gripes, then spends two-and-a-half hours energetically patting down a molehill.

Vettaiyan is now playing in selected cinemas.

Friday 18 October 2024

For what it's worth...




UK box office Top Ten (for the weekend of October 11-13, 2024):

1 (new) Transformers One (PG)
2 (1) Joker: Folie à Deux (15) **
3 (new) Terrifier 3 (18)
4 (2Beetlejuice Beetlejuice (12A)
5 (new) Vettaiyan (15) ***
6 (new) Salem's Lot (15)
7 (new) Buffalo Kids (U)
8 (4) The Substance (18) **
9 (3Speak No Evil (15) ****
10 (5) The Outrun (15)

(source: BFI)

My top five:
3. Back to the Future Part II


DVD/Blu-Ray/Download top ten: 

1 (new) Deadpool & Wolverine (15) *
2 (re) Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes (12)
3 (4) Inside Out 2 (U) ****
4 (14) Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire (12)
5 (2) Despicable Me 4 (U)
6 (12) Joker (15) **
7 (new) The Hitcher (15) 
8 (5) Twisters (12) ***
9 (7) Bad Boys: Ride or Die (15)
10 (1) The Bikeriders (15)


My top five: 
1. Inside Out 2

 
Top five films on terrestrial TV this week:
1. Do the Right Thing [above] (Saturday, BBC2, 12.35am)
2. In Which We Serve (Saturday, BBC2, 9.40am)
3. The Blair Witch Project (Saturday, BBC1, 11.50pm)
4. C'mon C'mon (Thursday, Channel 4, 12.25am)
5. Logan (Tuesday, Channel 4, 2.05am)

A bucket of blood: "Carrie"


If last weekend's box-office figures are anything to go on, the latest Stephen King adaptation, a redo of Salem's Lot, will be gone from cinemas long before the 31st, so thank goodness 1976's Carrie is back to meet our collective Hallowe'en requirements. This was Brian De Palma, in the year of the Bicentennial, gleefully besmirching the all-American coming-of-age narrative - with audiences young and old lapping up the results. In part, that may have been down to a renewed appetite for new horror myths, already amply demonstrated by the success of 1973's The Exorcist; jolted out of their complacency by Vietnam and Watergate, the cinemagoers of the 1970s were ready for and receptive to more than the usual flags, banners, marching bands and the patriotic piety they represent. De Palma could thus dare to suggest high school as hellhole, site of teenage dreams and nightmares. The dream (fantasy, rather) is right there upfront, in the sneaky, steamed-up opening surveillance of shower-block nudity in the wake of volleyball practice: for some boys, the cinema is a train set, for others, the key to the girls' locker room. The nightmare soon follows in the form of other kids, locating a weak spot in Carrie White's ethereal otherness and going in for the kill. What's still really strange and striking about Carrie is that while the film acknowledges there are elements of tragedy in King's story, and occasionally gestures towards real tenderness, De Palma - a moviebrat then closer in age to the kids than the teachers - doesn't position himself much above the bad behaviour he seeks to describe. He goes visibly funny whenever he points his Arriflex in the direction of head mean girl (and future Mrs. De P) Nancy Allen, and generally devotes himself to watching the playing out of one practical joke we sense even he may find a wicked sort of fun - the sort of wicked fun that comes into its own as Hallowe'en nears. The film's emergence as a modern classic is in part due to how unabashedly down and dirty it remains: few American movies have brought us tangibly closer to both the horror and the horniness of adolescence. Honestly, it's a miracle any of us came through it alive.

Lawrence Cohen's brisk adaptation is ruthless in paring King down to 96 minutes, but also preserves some very unsettling undercurrents: gym teacher Betty Buckley's apparent jealousy of her charges' youth and beauty, say, and everything to do with John Travolta, soon to become America's favourite dimple-chinned strutter, but here cast as a charmless groper who thinks nothing of impersonating Stepin Fetchit while balancing the bucket of blood over the prom stage. Within a few years, the teenagers in American movies would be cleaned up, reduced to their essentials, put in clean-cut John Hughes boxes; De Palma regards them mostly as sociopaths-in-waiting, with one or two honourable exceptions. Crucially, however, they aren't just pieces of meat, no matter that they might treat one another like that. They all have something going on, whether plotting to get in somebody's pants or to humiliate Carrie at what should be the happiest moment of her entire youth. (A stray observation: that humiliation and its aftermath is only the second worst thing to happen at this prom, after the performance of the band: we're still some way off Cameron Crowe and the music supervisors teen movies hired in the 1980s.) The horror is as much psychological as visceral, in other words, and it reaches fever pitch in the film's domestic scenes, where Sissy Spacek's Carrie blossoms before our eyes from screecher to sweetheart and Piper Laurie's Margaret channels something of the intergenerational confusion and mistrust that characterised the 1970s. We know within minutes why Carrie's father has fled the scene, and why the neighbours' house is up for sale. In this context, De Palma's horniness starts to seem humanising, far healthier for us in the long run than taking up arms against "dirty pillows", or honour killing. It ends, as it always does, with a blaze of purely visual storytelling that confirms the film as De Palma's Carrie rather than King's Carrie. Yes, the split screen permits more carnage per square inch; De Palma frames the prom like an assassination attempt, nudging us to wonder why we don't protect our teenagers the way we do the President. But don't overlook the image of girl silhouetted against flames, so potent it's provided the poster and marketing material for decades. Question: has anyone watched the (respectable, if comparably tame) Julianne Moore/Chloë Grace Moretz remake since it opened in 2013?

Carrie returns to cinemas nationwide today.

Thursday 17 October 2024

On demand: "Emily the Criminal"


Aubrey Plaza has been so good in the background of so many things in the years since
Parks & Recreation that she deserves a film that repositions her front and centre. Even so, the straight-to-streaming Emily the Criminal presents as an interesting career choice: an unpredictable, faintly Soderberghian run around the lower rungs of L.A.'s gig economy, written and directed by John Patton Ford, in which Plaza plays a caterer and aspirant illustrator drawn into credit-card fraud as a means of paying off her student debts. In the pre-streaming era, Ford's film might have been miscategorised as an action-thriller in your local videostore, but it's something different, underpinned at every turn by a surprisingly deep understanding of capital, labour and business practice. Emily shifts sideways, from an economy in which she has no rights to one in which she still has no rights but a far greater chance of making big money for her troubles. It's all just moving stuff around; it's just that certain products pay better than slinging salads, that's all. We can see her logic, which is why we're willing to go along with her as she transitions from legit business to the criminal underworld, yet we also spot the risks that follow from ripping folks off for a living. These, finally, may be all that stands between us and following Emily down much the same career path.

Ford has a great sense of character, and a quiet, assured way of ramping up tensions. Everything here is headed towards one last job - genre business as usual - but we're not following the straight line of most actioners so much as a steep learning curve; we're left to walk in the footsteps of a heroine who visibly toughens up, trading in the pepper spray she nervily fingers upon first crossing the criminal threshold for a taser and some of Plaza's old April Ludgate attitude. Her progress is laid out, coolly but not dispassionately, as a balance sheet of gains and losses. Gains include a handsome, attentive suitor who also happens to be Scammer #1 (nice work from Theo Rossi, fleshing out the thumbnail Ford hands him with hopes and dreams of his own). They also include a newfound self-confidence: indeed, a big part of the quiet thrill of Emily the Criminal is watching Aubrey Plaza stand up for herself - going toe-to-toe with Gina Gershon, to cite one example - rather than slumping listlessly behind a desk. One more thing the movie understands: how capitalism makes more folks angry than it does rich. Losses include any residual taste for the conventional nine-to-five, be that am or pm, and some form of personal security, although - again - Ford's plotting is smart indeed in its suggestion that a gig worker like Emily may actually have very little in the way of personal security to lose. As a director, Ford is big on atmosphere, the ambient wash of Nathan Halpern's score recalling Elliot Goldenthal's hall-of-fame work on 1995's Heat in places - but unlike Michael Mann, whose work has always tended towards the grandiose, Ford gets us and his characters in and out within a tight ninety minutes. A stealthy, insinuating debut - distinctive in its adherence to a recognisably classical Hollywood style - from a filmmaker we should keep an eye on going forwards.

Emily the Criminal is available to rent via Prime Video and YouTube.

Wednesday 16 October 2024

In memoriam: Michel Blanc (Telegraph 14/10/24)


Michel Blanc
, who has died aged 72, was a jovial, much-loved lynchpin of French stage and screen who numbers among a select group of creatives, having won prizes at the Cannes film festival for work both before and behind the camera.
 

Blanc shared the festival’s Best Actor laurels for his hilarious turn as a mild-mannered husband nudged towards criminality and transvestism by a hulking Gérard Depardieu in Bertrand Blier’s brusque comedy Tenue de soirée/Evening Dress (1986). This was a banner year for short, balding performers proposing alternative models of masculinity: Blanc’s fellow honouree was Bob Hoskins, playing the lovelorn gangland chauffeur in Neil Jordan’s Mona Lisa. 

Later, Blanc and Blier collected the Best Screenplay gong for the in-jokey Grosse fatigue/Dead Tired (1994), which saw Blanc both directing and playing (a version of) himself: a successful actor called Michel Blanc whose life unravels upon learning a doppelganger has been abusing his celebrity perks. Roger Ebert opened his review with an elevated form of praise: “Whenever I see Michel Blanc in a movie, I rejoice that he exists. He seems such an unlikely candidate for movie stardom.” 

If Blanc remained a French phenomenon – never breaking through internationally as Depardieu did – his films sporadically crossed the Channel to general acclaim, most memorably Monsieur Hire (1989), Patrice Leconte’s adaptation of the Georges Simenon novel. Here, Blanc excelled in a dramatic role as a lonely oddball accused of murder; Ebert noted the character “seems to have been sprouted in a basement”.

In actuality, Michel Jean François Blanc was born in Courbevoie in the Hauts-de-Seine region of France on April 16, 1952, the only child of removals man Marcel Blanc and his typist wife Jeanine (née Billon). His was, however, a sheltered childhood, a consequence of being diagnosed with a heart murmur: “I was constantly told that I was fragile, which is not reassuring.”

Blanc studied at the Lycée Pasteur in Neuilly-sur-Seine, where he and his friends made a quiet form of mischief: “I was shy and discreet, so I often slipped through the cracks. But it’s true that we liked to make fun of the teachers, especially the one who had stuck us in the front row and who, as a result, couldn't see our faces anymore, since his desk was on the stage. So we did stupid things to make the class laugh.”

Blanc made his screen debut in the fantasy Les filles de Malemort (1974) and his distinctive looks soon attracted notable directors: he was Louis XV’s valet in Bertrand Tavernier’s Que la fête commence/Let Joy Reign Supreme (1975) and one of the neighbours in Polanski’s The Tenant (1976). Yet his biggest success followed with his old school pals, with whom Blanc formed the theatrical collective Splendid. 

The group, which included fellow actor-directors Josiane Balasko and Gérard Jugnot, exploded onto the 1970s Parisian café-theatre scene, eventually taking up permanent residence at Le Splendid on the Rue du Faubourg. Their first film Les Bronzés (1978), set around a Club Med resort on the Ivory Coast, became a major local hit, fixing Blanc in the French imagination as the fumbling bachelor Jean-Claude Dusse (“I was afraid I would be associated with him for the rest of my life”).

Sequels followed in 1979 and 2006, but Blanc resisted typecasting. In the 1990s, he gravitated towards name directors: after reuniting with Blier for Merci la vie (1991), he played Alonso in Peter Greenaway’s Prospero’s Books (1991), and the ineffectual Inspector Forget in Robert Altman’s fashion-world flop Prêt-à-Porter (1994).

In the new century, he worked with André Téchiné on The Witnesses (2008) and The Girl on the Train (2009), lent César-winning support as a ministerial aide in the procedural L’Exercice de l’État (2011), and was appreciably sly as the mayor moderating the gastronomic turf war between Michelin-starred Helen Mirren and Indian arrivistes in Lasse Hallström’s TheHundred-Foot Journey (2014).

The Splendid troupers reunited to receive an honorary César in 2021, after which Blanc returned to leavening popular comedy, playing a bluff sixtysomething belatedly registering for school in Les petites victoires (2023). His final screen appearance will be as the grandfather in an adaptation of Christophe Boltanski’s novel La cache (2025 tbc).

After striking box-office gold with his directorial debut, the buddy comedy Marche à l'ombre (1984), Blanc occasionally returned behind the camera: he cast Daniel Auteuil as a befuddled gigolo in the London-set The Escort (1999) and adapted the British novelist Joseph Connolly for Embrassez qui vous voudrez/Summer Things (2002) and Voyez comme on danse/Kiss & Tell (2018).

“I’m not a sad clown,” Blanc once joked, “I’m a worried clown.” In 2015, he told Paris-Match just what his worries were: “I am afraid of death. I do as many things as possible so as not to have time to think about it. And yet I think about it. When I get to the end of a shoot, I often say to myself: ‘Well, if I disappeared now, they could still edit the film.’ As if the idea of ​​a duty accomplished reassured me.”

He is survived by a long-term partner, the designer Ramatoulaye Diop.

Michel Blanc, born April 16, 1952, died October 4, 2024.

On demand: "Attica"


You'll remember the title from the chant Al Pacino launches into outside the bank in 1975's
Dog Day Afternoon. Stanley Nelson and Traci A. Curry's quietly furious doc Attica revisits the reasons that name held such potency in the first place. In September 1971, inmates took over the correctional facility at Attica in New York in what was the largest prison uprising in American history. It was a stand against conditions within the jail, and a not unprincipled stand at that, steered by the prison's significant roster of Black Panthers. The Muslim brotherhood, for their part, intervened to ensure those guards taken hostage on site would be safe from harm; a white inmate with medical training attended to those injured in the course of taking control of the prison; those with prior legal experience advised the democratically elected committee leading the revolt on how to proceed from there. The uprising, which lasted four days, the span of one weekend, was an attempt to remodel a community towards some form of self-governance; as one ex-con recalls of the initial gatherings in the rec yard referred to as Times Square, it was like "a big picnic", at least three days of peace, love and time out. As reframed by Nelson and Curry, it was also a vision of how a prison - and the wider justice system beyond that - might be improved for everyone: among the prisoners' demands were the provision of basics like toothpaste and toilet paper, and access to education. But it couldn't last, or rather it wasn't permitted to last. Sold out by the political aspirations of New York governor Nelson Rockefeller, with his joltingly symbolic family name, the men's quest for a fairer world ran up, as such quests often do, against an unyielding (and heavily armed) wall of authority. The prisoners were fish in a barrel when push came to shove on day four; among the many aspects explained by Nelson and Curry's film, you can see exactly why a bank robber trying to raise funds for his transgender lover might have reached for a reference like Attica once placed under his own form of duress.

As a film, Attica hews to a tried-and-tested documentary framework, cutting between talking-head testimony and corroborating archive footage, yet it demonstrates the old ways can still generate power when that testimony and footage is this compelling. The former prisoners Nelson and Curry interviews speak on two levels simultaneously, recounting their own experiences of the uprising while also apparently speaking to the present moment. (A striking rhetorical quirk: how comfortable these seasoned-to-grizzled ex-cons are with such 21st century terminology as "privilege" and "safe space".) As Nelson and Curry see it, Attica was just one of several forks in the road where the American dream of justice for all was up for review and renewal, only for the initially promising conversations to break down with bloody consequences. The film benefits from the fact most of this particular stand-off was mediated extensively as part of US TV's live and uninterrupted coverage of the turmoil of the 1970s. We see with our own eyes the processes of negotiation by which the prisoners reaffirmed their status as individuals and citizens, rather than the cattle they'd been treated as; we hear the blatantly prejudiced rhetoric of the cops sat like hawks or vultures on the rooftops overlooking Times Square; and, finally, we witness the compromise of the prisoners' demands and the violent crushing of their hopes. The final reel is a real gutpunch: we seem to be walking further and further away from anything like an ideal, and more than one of Nelson and Curry's subjects notes how the violence visited upon them as the status quo was reasserted was far worse than anything they'd seen and experienced behind bars or in their previous life on the streets. Every now and again, our collective attention is drawn to an institution that stands for wider society, and how we treat one another in this world. (For Attica, British viewers could swap in The Maze, Grenfell or the Bibby Stockholm.) The filmmakers succeed in setting us down in the middle of that rec yard as the gas descends and the bullets pop off, and there set us to considering just how much society has learnt from Attica in the intervening half-century - particularly with regard to the boundless, disproportionate and demonstrably indiscriminate violence of the state, being both better funded and more scarring than anything individual convicts could achieve with a makeshift shiv. As one of these convicts puts it in Attica's closing moments: "It didn't have to be this way."

Attica is now streaming via the BBC iPlayer.